Hermes: the Contribution to the Cosmic Infrared Background from Galaxies Selected by Mass and Redshift

We quantify the fraction of the cosmic infrared background (CIB) that originates from galaxies identified in the UV/optical/near-infrared by stacking 81,250 (∼ 35.7 arcmin) K -selected sources (KAB < 24.0) split according to their rest-frame U − V vs. V − J colors into 72,216 star-forming and 9,034 quiescent galaxies, on maps from Spitzer/MIPS (24μm), Herschel/PACS (100, 160μm), Herschel/SPIRE (250, 350, 500μm), and AzTEC (1100μm). The fraction of the CIB resolved by our catalog is (69 ± 15)% at 24μm, (78 ± 17)% at 70μm, (58 ± 13)% at 100μm, (78 ± 18)% at 160μm, (80 ± 17)% at 250μm, (69 ± 14)% at 350μm, (65 ± 12)% at 500μm, and (45 ± 8)% at 1100μm. Of that total, about 95% originates from star-forming galaxies, while the remaining 5% is from apparently quiescent galaxies. The CIB at λ < ∼ 200μm appears to be sourced predominantly from galaxies at z < ∼ 1, while at λ > ∼ 200μm the bulk originates from 1 < ∼ z < ∼ 2. Galaxies with stellar masses log(M/M⊙) = 9.5–11 are responsible for the majority of the CIB, with those in the log(M/M⊙) = 9.5– 10 bin contributing mostly at λ < 250μm, and those in the log(M/M⊙) = 10–11 bin dominating at λ > 350μm. The contribution from galaxies in the log(M/M⊙) = 9.0–9.5 (lowest) and log(M/M⊙) = 11.0–12.0 (highest) stellar-mass bins contribute the least—both of order 5%—although the highest stellar-mass bin is a significant contributor to the luminosity density at z > ∼ 2. The luminosities of the galaxies responsible for the CIB shifts from combinations of “normal” and luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) at λ < ∼ 160μm, to LIRGs at 160 < ∼ λ < ∼ 500μm, to finally LIRGs and ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) at λ > ∼ 500μm. Stacking analyses were performed using simstack, a novel algorithm designed to account for possible biases in the stacked flux density due to clustering. It is made available to the public at www.astro.caltech.edu/~viero/viero_homepage/toolbox.html. Subject headings: cosmology: observations, submillimeter: galaxies – infrared: galaxies – galaxies: evolution – large-scale structure of universe ‡ Email: [email protected] † Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA. 1 California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125 2 Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA 91101 3 Hubble Fellow 4 Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK 5 Núcleo de Astronomı́a de la Facultad de Ingenieŕıa, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago, Chile 6 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109 7 NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow 8 Laboratoire AIM-Paris-Saclay, CEA/DSM/Irfu CNRS Université Paris Diderot, CE-Saclay, pt courrier 131, F-91191 Gif-surYvette, France 9 Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), bâtiment 121, Université Paris-Sud 11 and CNRS (UMR 8617), 91405 Orsay, France 10 Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822 11 Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy 389-UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 12 Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 13 Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 14 Dept. of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, CASA 389UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 15 Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille LAM, Université d’Aix-Marseille & CNRS, UMR7326, 38 rue F. Joliot-Curie, 13388